Mudanças na alimentação de estudantes de uma Universidade Pública, durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Changes in the diet of students at a public university during the COVID-19 pandemic

A pandemia de Covid-19 teve implicações diretas na qualidade de vida, saúde e renda da população mundial. Grande parte dos brasileiros passou a ficar mais tempo em casa e a rotina dos estudantes universitários foi afetada pelo fechamento dos sistemas educacionais. O presente estudo buscou investigar se houve mudanças no consumo alimentar de estudantes universitários de uma universidade pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro no primeiro ano da pandemia de Covid-19, e possíveis fatores associados. Os ingressantes na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) no ano de 2019 foi a população alvo. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário on-line, entre agosto de 2020 e março de 2021. Do total de 3.973 ingressantes com email, 771 responderam ao questionário (19,4%). Foram investigadas variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de consumo alimentar. Mudanças no consumo alimentar de 29 itens: ovos, doces, bolos, chá, café, queijo, sucos naturais, legumes, frutas, pães, raízes, pipoca, verduras, arroz, refrigerantes, leite, biscoitos doces, macarrão, alimentos prontos para consumo, sucos industrializados, carnes, iogurte, feijão, enlatados, biscoitos salgados, oleaginosas, refrigerantes diet/zero, salgadinhos de pacote e bebidas alcoólicas, foram avaliadas pela frequência de aumento ou redução. Associações entre essas mudanças e sexo, status de peso, raça/cor de pele e alteração na renda familiar foram avaliadas por regressão logística ajustada por idade. As análises foram ponderadas considerando a taxa de resposta por curso e sexo. Ocorreram grandes mudanças na alimentação, sendo as principais, o aumento no consumo de doces (52,3%), ovos (49,3%) e bolos (44,0%) e a redução no consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (36,9%), salgadinhos de pacote (33,3%) e biscoitos doces (28,9%). Universitários com excesso de peso apresentaram menor chance de aumentar o consumo de sucos naturais (OR:0,6; IC:0,5-0,9) em relação aos sem excesso de peso. Universitários negros apresentaram maior chance de aumentar o consumo de sucos naturais (OR=1,3; IC:1,1-1,7) e leite (OR=1,4; IC:1,1-2,0) em relação aos brancos. Com exceção para poucos alimentos, não houve mudança associada aos fatores avaliados e, no geral, a alimentação parece ter melhorado com redução de um terço para bebidas alcoólicas, salgadinhos de pacote e biscoitos doces. AU.

The Covid-19 pandemic had direct implications for the quality of life, health and income of the world's population. Most Brazilians stayed home longer and the routine of college students was affected by the closure of educational systems. The present study evaluated changes in food consumption of college students in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, and possible associated factors. Freshman from the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) in the year 2019, was the target population. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from August 2020 to March 2021 including demographic, socioeconomic and food consumption variables. Of the total of 3,973 email entrants, 771 completed the questionnaire (19.4%). Demographic, socioeconomic, and food consumption variables were investigated. Changes in food consumption of 29 items: eggs, sweets, cakes, tea, coffee, cheese, natural juices, vegetables, fruits, breads, roots, popcorn, greens, rice, soft drinks, milk, sweet cookies, noodles, ready-to-eat foods, processed juices, meats, yogurt, beans, canned food, salty cookies, oilseeds, diet/zero sodas, packaged snacks and alcoholic beverages, were assessed by the increase or decrease in the daily frequency. Associations between dietary changes with sex, weight status, race/skin color, and change in household income were assessed using age-adjusted logistic regression. All analyses were weighted considering the response rate by course and sex. Major changes in diet were the increased consumption of sweets (52.3%), eggs (49.3%), and cakes (44.0%) and decreased consumption of alcoholic beverages (36.9%), packaged snacks (33.3%), and sweet cookies (28.9%). Overweight students did not increase their consumption of fruit juices (OR:0.6; CI:0.5-0.9) compared to those without overweight. Black students had higher odds to increase consumption of juice (OR=1.3; CI:1.1-1.7) and milk (OR=1.4; CI:1.1-2.0) compared to white students. Except for these few food groups, the factors studied were not associated with dietary changes, and overall, the diet improved with a one-third reduction for alcoholic beverages, packaged snacks and sweet cookies. AU

TDAH e Complexo Médico-Industrial: revisão narrativa sobre uma epidemia lucrativa / ADHD and Medical-Industrial Complex: narrative review about a profitable epidemic

O emprego de diagnósticos psiquiátricos alcançou uma importância social tamanha que o atual cenário aponta para um risco constante de epidemias diversas de transtornos mentais. Por essa razão, este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a complexa dinâmica de forças que edificam o caminho para uma condição da vida se tornar um problema médico e, a posteriori, um quadro epidêmico. Para tanto, através de uma revisão narrativa, esta pesquisa reconheceu os múltiplos aspectos da medicalização da vida; da dinâmica de um Complexo Médico-Industrial e Financeiro; e da epidemia de diagnósticos psiquiátricos. O estudo igualmente apreciou a evolução histórico-social do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH), como um meio para identificar as interinfluências envolvidas na consolidação de seu diagnóstico, o qual se tornou exponencialmente mais recorrente na atualidade. Além disso, o estudo examinou, em bases como SciELO, PubMed, MEDLINE, MeSH e Google Acadêmico, trabalhos que façam referência à evolução da produção e do consumo dos principais fármacos prescritos para seu tratamento, de modo a averiguar as possíveis repercussões socioeconômicas da inflação diagnóstica do TDAH. Com isso, este trabalho constatou que a alternância do protagonismo entre os atores que compõem o campo da saúde é atualmente definida pelo mercado, e, associada à fluidez dos diagnósticos psiquiátricos, as influências de tais forças passaram a ser determinantes no modo como um distúrbio é introduzido, modificado e/ou ampliado no meio social. Outrossim, a pesquisa mostrou que os transtornos psiquiátricos se tornaram cada vez mais passíveis de se transformarem em condições epidêmicas, especialmente em razão: das sucessivas alterações de seus critérios, o que permitiu ampliar o público-alvo dos diagnósticos; da cronificação das práticas em saúde mental, influenciadas pelo forte movimento reducionista do sofrimento humano à lógica biomédica; e da primazia da farmacoterapia, perpetuada por meio de um modelo de atenção gerenciada que preza pela redução dos custos e aumento dos lucros com a assistência. AU

The use of psychiatric diagnoses has reached such a social importance that the current scenario points to a constant risk of various epidemics of mental disorders. Hence, this study aimed to understand the complex dynamics of forces that build the path for a condition of life to become a medical problem and, subsequently, an epidemic. For this purpose, through a narrative review, this research recognized the multiple aspects of the medicalization of life; the dynamics of a Medical-Industrial and Financial Complex; and the epidemic of psychiatric diagnoses. The study also looked at the historical-social evolution of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a means to identify the inter-influences involved in the consolidation of its diagnosis, which has become exponentially more recurrent nowadays. In addition, the study examined SciELO, PubMed, MEDLINE, MeSH, and Google Scholar databases to determine the evolution of the production and consumption of the main drugs prescribed for the treatment of ADHD, in order to investigate the possible socioeconomic repercussions of ADHD diagnostic inflation. With this, this work has found that the alternation of the protagonism among the actors that compose the health field is currently defined by the market, and, associated with the fluidity of psychiatric diagnoses, the influences of such forces have become determinant in the way a disorder is introduced, modified and/or expanded in the social environment. Moreover, the research showed that psychiatric disorders have become increasingly likely to become epidemic conditions, especially for the following reasons: the successive changes in their criteria, which allowed the expansion of the target audience of the diagnoses; the chronification of mental health practices, influenced by the strong reductionist movement of human suffering to biomedical logic; and the primacy of pharmacotherapy, perpetuated through a model of managed care that focuses on ​​cost reduction and increasing profits with the care. AU

Assessment of Knowledge Among the Physicians Regarding Dental Screening Prior to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the physicians' knowledge regarding the referral for dental screening prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using simple random sampling among 468 physicians from various specialties with diverse experience levels from different regions in Saudi Arabia. A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed among the physicians, which consisted of questions assessing the physicians' knowledge about oral health and complications in patients prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Statistical analysis was done after the data was collected employing SPSS, and p<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Residents were more as expected (39.3%), followed by specialists (2.31%). The majority had a practice experience for more than five years (67.8%).The scores for the knowledge assessment showed that 51.3%, nearly half of the participants, had lower scores. The scores were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: General physicians and specialists should be aware of the dental complications and associated diseases in patients with malignancies and those undergoing chemo and radiotherapy. It is proposed that more awareness should be raised among physicians to rectify this lapse.

Intervenções farmacêuticas em Unidade de Pronto Atendimento: uma análise farmacoterapêutica e farmacoeconômica / Pharmaceutical interventions in Emergency Care Unit: a pharmacotherapeutic and pharmacoeconomic analysis

Objetivo: Esclarecer o impacto farmacoterapêutico e farmacoeconômico das intervenções farmacêuticas em serviços de urgência e emergência. Métodos: Estudo de intervenção conduzido em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Os pacientes admitidos na pesquisa receberam acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico por meio de avaliação e intervenção na farmacoterapia. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 197 pacientes majoritariamente feminino, comórbidos, com média de idade de 43 anos ± 13. Foram realizadas intervenções em 130 destes, com aceitação de 83% por parte da equipe de assistência. As intervenções também repercutiram na farmacoeconomia, proporcionando uma redução de custos de 35% em comparação ao semestre anterior. Conclusão: Nossos resultados expressaram que a presença do farmacêutico clínico é essencial para farmacoterapias otimizadas e redução de custos hospitalares.

Objective: To clarify pharmaceutical interventions' pharmacotherapeutic and pharmacoeconomic impact on urgent and emergency services. Methods: Intervention study conducted in an Emergency Care Unit. Patients enrolled in the research received pharmacotherapeutic follow-up through evaluation and intervention in pharmacotherapy. Results: One hundred and ninety seven patients, mostly female, with comorbid conditions, with a mean age of 43 years ± 13, participated in the study. Interventions were performed in 130 of them, with an acceptance of 83% by the care team. The interventions also impacted pharmacoeconomics, providing a cost reduction of 35% compared to the previous semester. Conclusion: Our results expressed that the presence of the clinical pharmacist is essential for optimized pharmacotherapies and hospital cost reduction.

Estrategia comunitaria para desarrollar estilos de vida saludables en adultos mayores / Compliance with the recommendations for physical activity set by the WHO by public bicycle users in a Spanish municipality

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, las personas mayores de 60 años constituyen 21,3 % de la población. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la estrategia para la promoción de estilos de vida saludables en adultos mayores. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental a través de una intervención comunitaria en el Consejo Popular 2 Siboney, Comunidad de Barbosa, Municipio Playa, en el período comprendido de abril de 2015 a diciembre de 2016. Se escogió como universo la totalidad de los adultos mayores de 60 años del Consejo Popular 2 Siboney, Reparto Barbosa, Municipio Playa, La Habana y la población estuvo constituida por 66 adultos mayores para la fase diagnóstica y para la fase de implementación de la estrategia, donde se realizó una valoración del cambio, disminuyó la misma a 58 adultos mayores ya que salieron del estudio por fallecimiento o cambio de domicilio 8 personas mayores. Se analizó el cambio después de aplicada la estrategia en las variables: autocuidado, movilidad, uso de medicamentos, sueño, estado emocional, relaciones sociales, práctica de ejercicio físico y calidad de vida. Resultados: En todas se evidencia progresión hacia la mejoría. El análisis posterior arroja la modificación al área de positividad de los estilos de vida después de aplicada la estrategia. Conclusiones: Se observó un predominio de las categorías positivas. Disminuyeron las categorías negativas y aumentaron significativamente las buenas. Los factores asociados al estilo de vida fueron el autocuidado, ingestión de medicamentos, sueño, relaciones interpersonales y ejercicio físico. La aplicación de la Estrategia de promoción comunitaria fue efectiva para mejorar los estilos de vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, people over 60 years old constitute 21,3 % of the population. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a strategy for promotion of healthy lifestyles in older adults. Material and Methods: A pre-experimental study was performed through community intervention in the Popular Council No. 2 Siboney, Barbosa Community, Playa Municipality during the period between April 2015 and December 2016. The universe consisted of all adults over 60 years old from the aforementioned Popular Council. The study population was composed of 66 older adults who were chosen for the diagnostic phase and the strategy implementation phase, where a valuation of the change was carried out and it was reduced to 58 older adults due to deaths or changes of residence of eight of them. After the implementation of the strategy, the change was analyzed in the following variables: self-care, mobility, medication intake, sleep, emotional state, social relationships, physical exercise, and quality of life. Results: Progression to improvement is evidenced in all cases. A further analysis shows a change in the positivity of lifestyles after the implementation of the strategy. Conclusions: A predominance of positive categories was observed; negative categories diminished and the good ones increased significantly. The factors related to lifestyle included: self-care, medication intake, sleep, interpersonal relationships, and physical exercise. The implementation of a community promotion strategy was effective for the improvement of lifestyles.

Dados de mundo real: o impacto econômico da inclusão de antineoplásicos orais para as operadoras de saúde no Sistema de Saúde Suplementar do Brasil / Real world data: the economic impact of including oral antineoplastic agents for health care providers in the Brazilian Supplementary Health System

Objetivo: Avaliar o incremento mensal do custo por beneficiário da incorporação das terapias antineoplásicas orais se aprovado o PL nº 6.330/2019. Métodos: As características clínicas e dos medicamentos utilizados em pacientes em tratamento oncológico foram coletadas da base de dados de mundo real Auditron®, plataforma de avaliações de solicitações de pré-autorização de procedimentos médicos. Com base nas características dos pacientes, foram avaliadas as possibilidades de uso dos medicamentos antineoplásicos orais, conforme as diretrizes da NCCN e ESMO. O cálculo do custo incremental foi realizado utilizando o número total de pacientes diagnosticados com uma neoplasia específica e o número de pacientes aptos a receber antineoplásicos orais. Foi utilizada lista de preços CMED para cálculo dos custos de aquisição de medicamentos. Resultados: O custo incremental da incorporação de 34 drogas antineoplásicas orais em 2019 foi de R$ 5.362.642.580 (R$ 3.944.321.786- R$ 6.483.413.466), representando impacto mensal de R$ 9,50 por beneficiário. O custo incremental da incorporação de 21 drogas antineoplásicas orais em 2021 era de R$ 2.028.538.791 (R$ 1.485.919.710-R$ 3,016,407,794), representando impacto mensal de R$ 3,59 por beneficiário. Conclusão: A incorporação das drogas antineoplásicas orais acarretariam um baixo incremento mensal por beneficiário.

Objective: To evaluate the monthly increase in the cost per member of incorporating all oral neoplastic therapies if approved the bill 6,330/2019. Methods: The clinical characteristics and medications used by patients undergoing cancer treatment were collected from the real-world Auditron® database, a platform for evaluating requests for pre-authorization of medical procedures. Based on the characteristics of each patient, the possibility of using oral antineoplastic drugs according to the NCCN and ESMO guidelines was evaluated. The incremental cost calculation was performed using the total number of patients diagnosed with a specific neoplasm and the number of patients eligible to receive oral anticancer drugs. CMED price list was used to calculate drug acquisition costs. Results: The incremental cost of incorporating 34 neoplastic drugs in 2019 was R$ 5,362,642,580 (R$ 3,944,321,786- R$ 6,483,413,466), representing a monthly impact of R$ 9.50 per member. The incremental cost of incorporating 21 neoplastic drugs in 2021 was R$ 2,028,538,791 (R$ 1,485,919,710-R$ 3,016,407,794), representing a monthly impact of R$ 3.59 per beneficiary. Conclusion: The incorporation of oral anticancer drugs in the coverage of health plans following international and national treatment guidelines would result in a low monthly increase in the cost per beneficiary.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment as a useful tool in predicting adverse events in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

We conducted a multicenter prospective study on whether a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) can predict the adverse events (AEs) of chemotherapy in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients aged ≥ 65 years with newly diagnosed DLBCL underwent a pretreatment baseline CGA consisting of six assessment tools: activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), mood, nutritional status, comorbidities, and cognitive function. An attending physician chose each patient's treatment but was blind to CGA results. Patients were grouped as "dependent" or "independent" according to the CGA. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the association between chemotherapy-induced grade 3-4 toxicity and CGA. Of 86 patients, 78 completed the designated CGA. The median age was 79 years (65-89). Seventy-two patients were treated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP-like) regimen, and six were treated with low-toxicity regimens. Forty-one patients were classified as dependent and 37 as independent. In multivariate analysis, an impairment of IADL was independently associated with grade 3-4 leukopenia (odds ratio [OR] 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43-0.92, p = 0.017) and anemia (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50-0.90, p = 0.008). The presence of a comorbidity was also associated with grade 3-4 non-hematological toxicity (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.37-3.43, p = 0.001). The 4-year survival rate tended to be longer in the independent (72.7%) compared to dependent (56.9%) group. Overall, a CGA may be a useful tool for predicting serious AEs associated with chemotherapy in elderly patients with DLBCL.

The Spectrum of Alcohol Use: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

In the United States, alcohol is the most common substance used and the spectrum of unhealthy alcohol use is highly prevalent. Complications of unhealthy alcohol use affect nearly every organ system. One of the most frequent and potentially life-threatening of these complications is alcohol withdrawal syndrome for which benzodiazepines remain first-line therapy. Pharmacologic treatment of alcohol use disorder, the most severe form of unhealthy alcohol use, is underutilized despite the availability of multiple effective medications. Although behavioral therapies are an important component of treatment, they are overemphasized at the expense of pharmacotherapy.

Intravitreal Pharmacotherapies for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

PURPOSE: To review the evidence on the safety and efficacy of current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intravitreal corticosteroid pharmacotherapies for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Literature searches were last conducted on May 13, 2020, in the PubMed database with no date restrictions and limited to articles published in English. The combined searches yielded 230 citations, of which 108 were reviewed in full text. Of these, 31 were deemed appropriate for inclusion in this assessment and were assigned a level of evidence rating by the panel methodologist. RESULTS: Only the 21 articles with level I evidence were included in this assessment. Seventeen articles provided level I evidence for 1 or more anti-VEGF pharmacotherapies, including ranibizumab (14), aflibercept (5), and bevacizumab (2) alone or in combination with other treatments for DME. Level I evidence was identified in 7 articles on intravitreal corticosteroid therapy for treatment of DME: triamcinolone (1), dexamethasone (4), and fluocinolone acetonide (2). CONCLUSIONS: Review of the available literature indicates that intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents and corticosteroids are efficacious treatments for DME. Elevated intraocular pressure and cataract progression are important potential complications of corticosteroid therapy. Further evidence is required to assess the comparative efficacy of these therapies. Given the limited high-quality comparative efficacy data, choice of therapy must be individualized for each patient and broad therapeutic access for patients is critical to maximize outcomes.

Avaliação do tratamento quimioterápico paliativo com o esquema LDE- paclitaxel em pacientes portadores de metástases ósseas por neoplasia maligna / Evaluation of palliative chemotherapy treatment with the LDEpaclitaxel regimen in patients with bone metastases from malignant neoplas

Introdução: Pacientes com câncer em estádios avançados e metástases ósseas frequentemente não apresentam condições clínicas para a realização de esquemas quimioterápicos convencionais subsequentes, restringindo as opções de tratamento. Anteriormente, demonstramos que nanopartículas artificiais lipídicas (LDE), semelhantes à lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) rica em colesterol, são captadas por tecidos malignos, e quando associadas aos quimioterápicos, após injeção pela via endovenosa, reduz drasticamente a toxicidade do tratamento. Os objetivos deste presente estudo foram avaliar a resposta clínica ao tratamento quimioterápico com paclitaxel (PTX) associado à LDE; avaliar as toxicidades clínicas e laboratorial, e a capacidade da associação LDE-PTX em reduzir a dor oncológica relacionada às metástases ósseas em pacientes com carcinoma de mama, próstata e pulmão, previamente tratados e não elegíveis para tratamento quimioterápico convencional subsequente. Métodos: Dezoito pacientes (8 com câncer de mama, 5 de próstata e 5 de pulmão) com metástases ósseas foram incluídos. O tratamento consistiu no esquema LDE-PTX na dose convencional do PTX (175 mg/m2 de superfície corpórea de 3/3 semanas) e os pacientes foram avaliados por resposta clínica, redução da dor óssea, uso de medicamentos opióides, e ocorrência de fraturas ósseas patológicas. Resultados: No total, 104 ciclos de quimioterapia foram realizados, e nenhum paciente apresentou toxicidade clínica, laboratorial, assim como não houve fraturas patológicas. Dos 18 pacientes incluídos, 9 tiveram sobrevida livre de progressão de doença 6 meses. Houve em todos os pacientes redução da dor óssea, permitindo substituição da medicação opióide por analgésico não opióide. Conclusão: A melhora significativa na dor óssea sem que tenha ocorrido toxicidade do tratamento, e o tempo de não progressão de doença 6 meses na metade dos pacientes sugere que esses pacientes tenham se beneficiado consistentemente do tratamento com a LDE-PTX. Portanto, a LDE-PTX pode tornar- se uma opção terapêutica interessante em pacientes com carcinomas de próstata, mama ou pulmão em estágios avançados e sem condições clínicas de se submeterem a outros esquemas quimioterápicos convencionais

Introduction: Patients with advanced cancer and bone metastases usually do not have clinical conditions to perform additional conventional chemotherapy regimens, restricting treatment options. Previously, we showed that lipid core nanoparticles (LDE), similar to cholesterol-rich low-density lipoprotein (LDL), are taken up by malignant tissues, and when associated to chemotherapy, after endovenous injection, it drastically decreases the toxicity of the treatment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical response to chemotherapy treatment with paclitaxel (PTX) associated with LDE; to evaluate the clinical and laboratorial toxicities, and the ability of the LDE-PTX to reduce cancer pain related to bone metastases in patients with breast, prostate or lung carcinoma, previously treated and not eligible for subsequent conventional chemotherapy treatment. Methods: Eighteen patients (8 with breast cancer, 5 with prostate and 5 with lung) with bone metastases were included. Treatment consisted of the LDE-PTX regimen at a conventional dose of PTX (175 mg/m2 body surface area, 3/3 weeks) and patients were evaluated for clinical response, reduction in bone pain, use of opioid medications, and the occurrence of pathological bone fractures. Results: In total, 104 chemotherapy cycles were performed, and none of the patients showed clinical or laboratorial toxicities, as well as there were no pathological fractures. Of the 18 patients evaluated, 9 had progression-fee survival 6 months. Patients had decrease in bone pain allowing replacement of opioid medication by another non-opioid analgesic. Conclusion: Significant improvement in bone pain without treatment toxicity, and time to disease progression of 6 months in half of the patients suggest that these patients have consistently benefited with LDE-PTX treatment. Therefore, LDE-PTX may become an interesting therapeutic option in patients with advanced stage of prostate, breast or lung carcinomas and without clinical conditions to undergo other conventional chemotherapy regimens

Evaluation of the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up effectiveness in patients with dyslipidemia in the secondary health care in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS)

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the main causes of mortality in the world. Dyslipidemia treatment can reduce the number of deaths caused by CVD, by decreasing the lipid profile. Evaluate the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up effectiveness in patients with dyslipidemia, regarding clinical and laboratory aspects. A quasi-experimental trial was performed in 12 months. The studied population was included patients with dyslipidemia who received a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, which was evaluated according to the Pharmacotherapy Workup developed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed at the baseline, after a 6 and 12-months period. The statistical analyzes were performed with the normality test of Lilliefors, Cramer Von Misses, and Anderson Darling, later the t-paired test. This study demonstrated that after 6-months of intervention, statistically significant results were verified in the reduction of LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, increase in HDL-cholesterol, and reduction in the blood pressure. It was observed that for high-risk patients, the achievement of targets in the lipid profile and HbA1C occurred only after 12-months, because, this population needs more aggressive targets and expressive interventions. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in patients with dyslipidemia reduced lipid blood levels and promoted positive clinical and laboratory outcomes.

Custos e benefícios da atenção domiciliar para pessoas com condições crônicas complexas: revisão integrativa / Costos y beneficios de la atención domiciliaria para personas con condiciones crónicas complejas: revisión integrativa / Costs and benefits of home care for people with complex chronic conditions: an integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os custos e benefícios da atenção domiciliar de adultos ou idosos com condições crônicas complexas (CCC). Método: revisão integrativa, relatada segundo o Preferred Reporting Items for Syste matic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise narrativa. Resultados: A amostra final foi de 18 estudos, publicados no período de 2008 a 2021.As CCC identificadas foram insuficiência cardíaca grave, doença renal crônica, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica,múltiplas condições crônicas, pacientes sob quimioterapia e em cuidados paliativos. A modalidade de atenção domiciliar prevalente foi o monitoramento adistância. Conclusão: Identificou-se redução de custos entre 23,9% e 67,1%, com variações entre os componentes analisados e as metodologias utilizadas para o cálculo. Os benefícios incluem diminuição de hospitalizações; redução de exacerbações de sintomas e do uso de serviços de saúde, melhoria na qualidade de vida e controle mais eficaz das condições crônicas complexas com autocuidado e autogerenciamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los costos y beneficios de la atención domiciliaria a adultos o ancianos con condiciones crónicas complejas (CCC). Método: revisión integrativa, relatada según el PreferredReportingItemsforSysteMaticReviews and Meta-Analyses. Los resultados fueron sometidos al análisis narrativo. Resultados: la muestra final fue de 18 estudios, publicados en el período de 2008 a 2021. Las CCC identificadas fueron insuficiencia cardíaca grave, enfermedad renal crónica, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, múltiples condiciones crónicas, pacientes bajo quimioterapia y en cuidados paliativos. La modalidad de atención domiciliaria prevalente fue el monitoreo a distancia. Conclusión: se identificó reducción de costos entre el 23,9% y el 67,1%, con variaciones entre los componentes analizados y las metodologías utilizadas para el cálculo. Los beneficios incluyen disminución de hospitalizaciones; reducción de exacerbaciones de síntomas y del uso de servicios de salud, mejora en la calidad de vida y un control más eficaz de las condiciones crónicas complejas con autocuidado y autogestión.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the costs and benefits of home care for adults or elderly with complex chronic conditions (CCC). Method: Integrative Review, reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews. The results were submitted to the Narrative analysis final sample was 18 studies, published from 2008 to 2021. The CCC identified were severe heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, multiple chronic conditions, patients undergoing chemotherapy and palliative care. The prevalent mode of home care was remote monitoring. Conclusion: Cost reduction was identified between 23.9% and 67.1%, with variations between the components analyzed and the methodologies used for the calculation. The benefits include decreased hospitalizations; reduced exacerbations of symptoms and use of health services, improved quality of life and more effective control of complex chronic conditions with self-care and self-management.

Escala para Avaliação de Náuseas e Vômitos Relacionados à Quimioterapia: Tradução e Adaptação Transcultural / Scale for the Assessment of Chemotherpy-Induced Nausea and Vomits: Translation and Transcultural Adaptation / Escala de Evaluación de Náuseas y Vómitos Relacionados con la Quimioterapia: Traducción y Adaptación Cultural

Introdução: Náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia acometem cerca de 70-80% dos pacientes com câncer. Assim, é importante a utilização de um instrumento para avaliar melhor esses sintomas, visando a um tratamento mais adequado. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a escala Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis para o contexto brasileiro. Método: Estudo correlacional do tipo survey, com tradução e adaptação cultural da escala segundo o protocolo da European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer ­ Quality of Life Group (EORTC-QLG). A amostra foi constituída por 160 pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico em uma clínica de oncologia. No processo de validação, realizaram-se análises de correlação multimétodos entre os itens da escala Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis e os escores das escalas visuais numéricas de náusea e vômito com nível de p<0,05. Resultados: O autor da escala autorizou a tradução. A escala Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis e as escalas numéricas apresentaram correlações significativas (p<0,01; p<0,05), sendo que os itens que apresentaram correlação mais forte das escalas numéricas foram os que se referiram à avaliação de náusea e vômito pós-quimioterapia. Já os itens destinados à avaliação desses sintomas no momento pré-quimioterapia e ao uso da medicação antiemética e sua eficácia apresentaram associações fracas com as escalas numéricas. Conclusão: A escala Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesisapresentou-se adequada para a avaliação de náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia no contexto brasileiro

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting affects nearly 70-80% of patients with cancer. To achieve a better treatment it is important to utilize an adequate instrument to assess these symptoms. Objective:To translate and culturally adapt the Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis Scale to the Brazilian context. Method: Survey and correlational study, with the translation and cultural adaptation of the scale according to the protocol of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer ­ Quality of Life Group (EORTC-QLG). The sample consisted of 160 patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment in an oncology clinic. In the validation process, multimethod correlation analyses were carried out among the items of the Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis Scale items and the scores of the numerical visual scales of nausea and vomits at the level of p<0.05. Results: The author of the scale approved the translation process. The Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis scale and the numerical scales presented significant correlations (p<0.01; p<0.05), considering that the items presenting stronger correlation with the numerical scales were those addressing post-chemotherapy assessment of nausea and vomit. On the other hand, the items for pre-chemotherapy assessment of these symptoms and use of the antiemetic drugs and their efficacy presented weak associations with the numerical scales. Conclusion: The Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis scale was adequate for the assessment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in the Brazilian context

Introducción: Las náuseas y vómitos inducidos por la quimioterapia afectan aproximadamente al 70-80% de los pacientes con cáncer. Por lo tanto, es importante utilizar un instrumento para evaluar mejor estos síntomas, con el objetivo de un tratamiento más adecuado. Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar culturalmente la escala de Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesisal contexto brasileño. Método: Estudio correlativo del tipo de encuesta, con la traducción y adaptación cultural de la escala según el protocolo de la European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer ­ Quality of Life Group (EORTC-QLG). La muestra consistió en 160 pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia en una clínica oncológica. En el proceso de validación, se realizaron análisis de correlación multimétodos entre los elementos de la escala de Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis y las puntuaciones de las escalas visuales numéricas de náuseas y vómitos con nivel de p<0,05. Resultados: El autor de la escala autorizó la traducción. La Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis y las escalas numéricas mostraron correlaciones significativas (p<0,01; p<0,05), y los elementos que presentaron una correlación más fuerte de las escalas numéricas fueron los que se refirieron a la evaluación de las náuseas y los vómitos después de la quimioterapia. Por otro lado, los elementos destinados a la evaluación de estos síntomas en el momento anterior a la quimioterapia y el uso de medicamentos antieméticos y su eficacia presentaron asociaciones débiles con escalas numéricas. Conclusión: La Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis fue adecuada para la evaluación de náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia en el contexto brasileño

Avaliação de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados e da polifarmácia em pacientes idosos em um hospital universitário / Evaluation of potentially inappropriate medications and polypharmacy in elderly patients at a university hospital

Introdução: O Brasil, assim como outros países, vem alterando seu perfil demográfico elevando o número de pessoas idosas, o que repercute em mudanças não só para sociedade, mas também para saúde pública. Este grupo de pacientes é mais vulnerável devido à fisiologia inerente ao envelhecimento, logo se tornam mais propensos ao uso de medicamentos que podem causar outros problemas de saúde. Essa probabilidade de risco é uma preocupação atual e levou a criação de métodos que norteiam os prescritores para adequarem suas terapêuticas neste grupo de pacientes. Um destes métodos é o critério de Beers, que é atualizado periodicamente trazendo uma lista de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPIs) para idosos. Objetivo: Avaliar a prescrição de pacientes idosos internados no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF/Ebserh) quanto à prevalência do uso de MPI e polifarmácia, no período de julho a agosto de 2019. Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo e retrospectivo, cujos dados foram coletados de prontuários pacientes idosos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos para obtenção dos resultados que foram avaliados estatisticamente. Resultados: Foram avaliados 187 prontuários, e observada prevalência de 80,2% da prescrição de MPIs, sendo os mais prevalentes omeprazol e benzodiazepínicos. A maioria dos pacientes tiveram polifarmácia (95,7%). Conclusão: Os resultados convergem com base no critério de Beers, para necessidade de adequar a terapia de pacientes idosos. É necessário também avaliar os benefícios e alternativas quanto aos MPIs mais prevalentes, além de realizar estudos observacionais sobre possíveis efeitos adversos que possam ser consequência do uso desses medicamentos, com objetivo de aperfeiçoar a terapia farmacológica e aprimorar a farmacoeconomia, melhorando assim a qualidade de vida dos pacientes idosos.

Introduction: Brazil, like other countries, has been changing its demographic profile, increasing the number of elderly people, which reflects in changes not only for society, but also for public health. This group of patients is more vulnerable due to the inherent physiology of aging, so they become more likely to use medications that can cause other health problems. This risk probability is a current concern and has led to the creation of methods that guide prescribers to adapt their therapies in this group of patients. One of these methods is the Beers criterion, which is periodically updated with a list of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for the elderly. Objective: To evaluate the prescription of elderly patients hospitalized at the University Hospital of Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF/Ebserh) regarding the prevalence of the use of PIM and polypharmacy, from July to August 2019. Material and Methods: Descriptive and retrospective observational study, whose data were collected from medical records of elderly patients aged 65 years or older to obtain the results that were statistically evaluated. Results: A total of 187 medical records were evaluated, and a prevalence of 80.2% of the prescription of PIMs was observed, the most prevalent being omeprazol and benzodiazepines. Most patients had polypharmacy (95.7%). Conclusion: The results converge, based on the Beers criterion, for the need to suit the therapy of elderly patients. It is also necessary to evaluate the benefits and alternatives regarding the most prevalent PIMs, in addition to conducting observational studies on possible adverse effects that may be a consequence of the use of these medications, aiming to refine pharmacological therapy and improve pharmacoeconomics, thus improving quality of life of elderly patients.

Direct-acting antivirals for chronic Hepatitis C are effective and safe: an observational study in Londrina/PR

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals in a Unified Health System pharmacy of Londrina, Brazil. A descriptive observational study was performed from June 2017 to June 2018. Sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables of patients were collected from secondary data sources. Effectiveness was evaluated by sustained virologic response (SVR) and safety was evaluated by adverse events (AEs) and drug interactions (DIs). The mean population (N=30) was 56.6±11.3 years old and almost all patients had comorbidities (93.3%) and concomitant drugs (96.7%). Effectiveness evaluation was possible in 17 patients, and all of them (100.0%) achieved SVR. Eighteen patients (60.0%) reported 38 AEs, mostly mild, such as stomach symptoms and headache. No statistical relation was found between AE occurrence and treatment duration, Ribavirin use, number of comorbidities or number of concomitant drugs. A total of 48 DIs were reported, 18 being severe, and were managed by the pharmacist. The study indicates that the treatment was effective and safe.

Emerging treatments for lupus nephritis: health equity considerations in clinical research and coverage.

DISCLOSURES: No funding was received for the writing of this commentary. The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Metas 2030 para los programas de control de las geohelmintiasis

La hoja de ruta para las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, publicada por la OMS en el 2012, estableció dos metas para el control de las geohelmintiasis para el 2020, a saber: suministrar tratamiento regular a 75% de los niños en edad preescolar y escolar que lo requirieran y lograr la cobertura de 75% con la quimioterapia preventiva en los niños en edad preescolar y escolar en 100% de los países. En el 2017, los datos recopilados de los 103 países donde las geohelmintiasis son endémicas mostraban que era factible alcanzar esas dos metas. En octubre del 2018, un grupo de representantes de esos países, junto con asociados de otras instituciones que apoyan las actividades de control, se reunió en Basilea para proponer nuevas metas que orientaran la quimioterapia preventiva y otras actividades de control una vez alcanzadas las metas para el 2020. Los indicadores establecidos por el grupo de trabajo y que se presentan en esta publicación pueden considerarse recomendaciones de los expertos dirigidas al Departamento de la OMS de Control de Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas, para distribuir a su vez a las oficinas regionales y en los países de la OMS, los funcionarios del ministerio de salud y los responsables de los programas en los países con endemicidad, a fin de sustentar la lista definitiva de los indicadores en materia de geohelmintiasis que deberán alcanzarse para el 2030.

Economic Evaluations of Pharmacologic Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.

OBJECTIVE: The crisis of opioid use puts a strain on resources in the United States and worldwide. There are 3 US Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for treatment of opioid use disorder: methadone, buprenorphine, and injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX). The comparative effectiveness and cost vary considerably among these 3 medications. Economic evaluations provide evidence that help stakeholders efficiently allocate scarce resources. Our objective was to summarize recent health economic evidence of pharmacologic treatment of opioid use disorder interventions. METHODS: We searched PubMed for peer-reviewed studies in English from August 2015 through December 2019 as an update to a 2015 review. We used the Drummond checklist to evaluate and categorize economic evaluation study quality. We summarized results by economic evaluation methodology and pharmacologic treatment modality. RESULTS: We identified 105 articles as potentially relevant and included 21 (4 cost-offset studies and 17 cost-effectiveness/cost-benefit studies). We found strengthened evidence on buprenorphine and methadone, indicating that these treatments are economically advantageous compared with no pharmacotherapy, but found limited evidence on XR-NTX. Only half of the cost-effectiveness studies used a generic preference-based measure of effectiveness, limiting broad comparison across diseases/disorders. The disease/disorder-specific cost-effectiveness measures vary widely, suggesting a lack of consensus on the value of substance use disorder treatment. CONCLUSION: We found studies that provide new evidence supporting the cost-effectiveness of buprenorphine compared with no pharmacotherapy. We found a lack of evidence supporting superior economic value for buprenorphine versus methadone, suggesting that both are attractive alternatives. Further economic research is needed on XR-NTX, as well as other emerging pharmacotherapies, treatment modalities, and dosage forms.